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Country facts

When to visit

Year-round travel possible. Local dry seasons vary — check specific destination 2-4 weeks before booking.

Typical costs (USD)

Wide spread by country. Resort destinations premium; off-track exceptional value.

Essential phrases

Numbers

What to pack

• Lightweight breathable clothing
• Strong SPF + sun hat
• Mosquito repellent
• Walking shoes for variable terrain
• Layered clothing for AC indoors

Cultural notes

• Time is fluid — being 15-30 min late is normal socially
• Hugs and cheek kisses are normal greetings between friends
• Personal space is closer than in N. Europe / N. America
• Brazilian Portuguese ≠ European Portuguese — pronunciation differs significantly
• Don't go to favelas without local guidance

Universal courtesies

• Try a greeting in the local language even if it's the only word you know — it's appreciated everywhere.
• Match local dress norms when entering religious sites, government buildings, or rural areas.
• Ask before photographing people, especially children or in religious settings.
• Tipping customs vary — never assume your home country's expectation applies.
• Remove shoes when entering homes if your host does; watch their cue.
• Keep voices lower than at home in temples, mosques, museums, public transport.
• Hands and gestures mean different things across cultures — observe before reaching out.
• Cash + cards: rural areas often need cash; major cities take cards. Carry small notes.
• Don't compare countries to each other in front of locals — every culture stands on its own.
• If you don't know the etiquette, watching for 30 seconds usually teaches it.